WEBVTT 00:16.120 --> 00:19.080 Yes, welcome from us too. 00:19.200 --> 00:24.420 We are Erik Sachs, Albert Albers, who will give a lecture in a moment, 00:24.760 --> 00:25.960 and me, Ina Schäfer. 00:26.420 --> 00:32.060 We represent the Center for Mobility Systems at the KIT as a speaker 00:32.060 --> 00:32.060 -speaker team. 00:32.060 --> 00:37.140 And on my note it says, with 50 other researchers, the number can't be 00:37.140 --> 00:42.420 correct, it has to be the professors and professors, but we still have 00:42.420 --> 00:47.600 many, many employees and many, many more students who do this work 00:47.600 --> 00:48.780 with us in different places. 00:50.860 --> 00:54.300 At the KIT Center for Mobility Systems, we combine extensive 00:54.300 --> 00:58.900 competences and infrastructures in the field of ground-bound traffic, 00:59.300 --> 00:59.720 i.e. 00:59.840 --> 01:04.520 everything that drives on the road, on the water, on the rail. 01:05.880 --> 01:11.120 And we try to bring together the integration and coordination of 01:11.120 --> 01:15.900 various means of transport for people and for goods for seamless 01:15.900 --> 01:17.880 mobility of the future as well as possible. 01:19.360 --> 01:24.180 Yes, also from me a nice good evening together, and I am pleased to 01:24.180 --> 01:26.260 introduce Ina, our center, to you today. 01:26.840 --> 01:30.220 We have exciting topics ahead of us, and if I understand you 01:30.220 --> 01:37.180 correctly, then this center is a connection, a kind of club of great 01:37.180 --> 01:43.800 experts and expertise, ultimately in mobility research at the KIT. 01:43.800 --> 01:45.980 And it also depends very much on the fact that we live in our 01:45.980 --> 01:46.560 synergies. 01:48.080 --> 01:51.380 Because the big challenges will only, that means, always be solvable 01:51.380 --> 01:52.040 together. 01:53.160 --> 01:56.900 But maybe, where do you think the challenges are currently? 01:57.440 --> 01:59.700 Yes, thank you, Erik, for the question. 01:59.780 --> 02:00.940 It's really an important question. 02:01.040 --> 02:02.340 What are the biggest challenges? 02:02.540 --> 02:05.460 And for me these are the four big Ds. 02:05.460 --> 02:12.300 The topic of decarbonization, deglobalization, demography and 02:12.300 --> 02:13.620 digitalization. 02:13.740 --> 02:14.940 What do I mean by that? 02:15.260 --> 02:21.540 With decarbonization it is about reducing our CO2 footprint to 02:21.540 --> 02:22.760 counteract the climate crisis. 02:23.760 --> 02:27.220 Then the topic of deglobalization, we only have to open the newspaper 02:27.220 --> 02:27.580 this morning. 02:27.580 --> 02:31.500 Trump introduces tariffs, that means the world is getting smaller and 02:31.500 --> 02:35.500 we focus more on what is happening in Europe. 02:36.760 --> 02:40.260 The topic of demography, that means, of course, that the Western 02:40.260 --> 02:41.380 societies are aging. 02:41.580 --> 02:44.100 We have the topic of lack of skilled workers, which also plays a role 02:44.100 --> 02:47.540 in mobility, if, for example, we no longer have bus drivers. 02:49.000 --> 02:53.960 And then the topic of digitalization, for me a key technology with 02:53.960 --> 02:57.020 which we can enable intelligent applications and business models in 02:57.020 --> 02:57.860 mobility. 02:59.220 --> 03:02.260 And, for example, the topic of artificial intelligence. 03:03.540 --> 03:08.520 Especially when you talk about digitalization, it is quite often 03:08.520 --> 03:13.700 referred to the use of electronics and software in the vehicle. 03:13.880 --> 03:17.480 What does artificial intelligence, big word, let's take machine 03:17.480 --> 03:20.100 learning, enable robot vehicles? 03:21.880 --> 03:27.280 For over ten years now, however, the experts have been telling us, and 03:27.280 --> 03:30.880 I say the top managers have been saying it for a long time, that we 03:30.880 --> 03:34.300 will have autonomous driving in five years. 03:35.060 --> 03:40.120 But always equidistant in five years, and several years have passed 03:40.120 --> 03:40.260 since then. 03:41.340 --> 03:47.200 But tell me, what do you think, where we currently stand, especially 03:47.200 --> 03:50.340 worldwide, when it comes to automated driving? 03:50.640 --> 03:51.560 Yes, you are absolutely right. 03:52.020 --> 03:53.880 I gave a lecture for students ten years ago. 03:55.220 --> 03:56.880 My car picks me up before the party. 03:57.480 --> 04:02.160 And we would have thought that this is the case today, but we are not 04:02.160 --> 04:02.160 quite there yet. 04:02.520 --> 04:03.180 Yes, where are we? 04:03.280 --> 04:07.740 So we see in the USA, the Google sister Waymo, for example, operates 04:07.740 --> 04:08.640 robot taxis. 04:08.760 --> 04:12.560 I just read today that in Silicon Valley this is somehow the cooler 04:12.560 --> 04:14.900 way of driving than with a driver. 04:14.900 --> 04:21.340 We see in China, for example, in Wuhan, companies like Baidu also 04:21.340 --> 04:21.900 drive autonomously. 04:22.760 --> 04:24.760 But we don't have to hide in Germany at all. 04:25.400 --> 04:29.900 So, for example, the first Level 3 vehicle, one that they no longer 04:29.900 --> 04:33.920 have to supervise all the time, is the Mercedes Drive Pilot, for 04:33.920 --> 04:35.060 example, in the S-Class. 04:35.380 --> 04:39.620 And we also have one of the most modern legislations in Germany, if we 04:39.620 --> 04:41.160 look at the Autonomous Driving Act. 04:42.300 --> 04:45.300 But still, Erik, the observation is correct. 04:45.900 --> 04:49.920 Somehow this hype about automatic driving has settled a bit. 04:50.600 --> 04:56.300 So if we follow these Hype Cycle advisors from Gartner, then we have 04:56.300 --> 04:58.940 arrived in the valley of tears or in the valley of disappointment, 04:59.980 --> 05:03.280 because we are not picked up by the party, unfortunately. 05:06.340 --> 05:10.240 But the hope is, and this is what we are working on together at the 05:10.240 --> 05:14.440 KIT, that we will really get to sustainable business models even in 05:14.440 --> 05:15.280 autonomous driving. 05:15.700 --> 05:19.740 This will not be what we believed 10 or 15 years ago, that everyone 05:19.740 --> 05:22.220 has their autonomous vehicle in front of their door. 05:22.920 --> 05:27.360 But what is being discussed at the moment is, for example, goods 05:27.360 --> 05:31.320 logistics in ports or at airports, freight traffic on the country 05:31.320 --> 05:36.260 road, especially when we see that we need specialists or as an 05:36.260 --> 05:37.980 addition to the ÖPNV. 05:38.460 --> 05:42.200 And there we have, for example, the C2C Bridge project at the KIT, 05:42.360 --> 05:47.460 also in the center, where we deal with autonomous shuttles on the last 05:47.460 --> 05:49.680 mile and see how this can be realized. 05:50.980 --> 05:55.620 Now you mentioned the Gartner Curve, where you could really think, are 05:55.620 --> 05:58.700 we already in the valley of tears, are we slowly moving out, which is 05:58.700 --> 05:59.340 of course our hope. 05:59.660 --> 06:02.180 We still have great research topics ahead of us. 06:02.760 --> 06:05.440 There is another topic, which is called Innovator's Dilemma. 06:05.680 --> 06:08.860 And that means more or less that the market leader is missing the 06:08.860 --> 06:10.640 trend for the next product. 06:12.100 --> 06:13.940 And Mr. Käuflein mentioned it. 06:14.780 --> 06:18.440 We at Karlsruhe, of course, have the famous son Karl Benz, who 06:18.440 --> 06:20.520 registered the motor patent car in 1886. 06:21.440 --> 06:23.160 Incidentally, in the same year as Heinrich Hertz showed the 06:23.160 --> 06:24.040 electromagnetic waves. 06:24.040 --> 06:26.620 Everything that has to do with over-the-air-updates. 06:28.660 --> 06:34.620 And to be honest, with electromobility, at least the perception, we 06:34.620 --> 06:36.140 are perhaps a bit behind. 06:36.440 --> 06:42.400 Maybe from this top-view perspective of the combustion engine, not 06:42.400 --> 06:43.620 necessarily in terms of quality. 06:44.100 --> 06:48.580 I am firmly convinced that these are top premium vehicles, but the 06:48.580 --> 06:50.880 marketability, also in terms of price design. 06:50.880 --> 06:54.340 At the moment we are lagging behind the providers from China, North 06:54.340 --> 06:56.220 America, a bit behind. 06:56.720 --> 06:58.100 Are we still catching up? 06:58.600 --> 07:00.100 Do we even have to catch up? 07:00.160 --> 07:01.420 What is your opinion on that? 07:01.680 --> 07:06.280 Well, I am very firm in the view that we have to catch up and can 07:06.280 --> 07:06.780 catch up. 07:07.080 --> 07:10.920 We agree that we have to reduce CO2 emissions in the transport sector, 07:11.640 --> 07:14.960 but that we need a wide mix of technologies for this. 07:14.960 --> 07:20.900 For example, synthetic fuels, hydrogen, which we are researching, can 07:20.900 --> 07:21.520 play a role. 07:21.700 --> 07:25.440 And in individual transport, of course, the topic of battery-electric 07:25.440 --> 07:26.200 vehicles. 07:26.520 --> 07:29.700 You are absolutely right, German manufacturers find it difficult to 07:29.700 --> 07:31.300 participate in the transformation as market leaders in combustion 07:31.300 --> 07:32.300 engines. 07:34.900 --> 07:38.960 We see that too, especially at the moment when the big suppliers and 07:38.960 --> 07:41.880 big OEMs are also talking about the fact that they may have to 07:41.880 --> 07:42.520 dismantle parts. 07:43.280 --> 07:47.120 But we simply must not get caught up in this. 07:48.040 --> 07:51.780 And that is what we are working on at the KIT, to research different 07:51.780 --> 07:55.360 technologies that can then give back value to the German economy. 08:00.620 --> 08:01.140 Software. 08:01.280 --> 08:05.400 Software is a big topic and we always hear from other regions of the 08:05.400 --> 08:06.940 world where it is very strongly propagated. 08:07.160 --> 08:11.060 Now there is a new trend and I know that you are very inclined to it. 08:11.060 --> 08:14.340 I am sometimes a bit skeptical about it and that is the topic of open 08:14.340 --> 08:14.780 source. 08:15.180 --> 08:20.500 So making different functions available, different functionalities 08:20.500 --> 08:21.840 that can be used together. 08:25.520 --> 08:29.740 Now, on the other hand, when we talk to our partners in southern 08:29.740 --> 08:36.020 Germany, we experience that many companies are also closing down or 08:36.020 --> 08:40.560 developing their own software houses, or developing operating systems. 08:41.260 --> 08:43.540 A trend that is exactly the opposite of that. 08:43.620 --> 08:48.500 And if I may allow myself a tip, when we do a final work today with a 08:48.500 --> 08:52.800 large corporation, the first thing this corporation tells me is that 08:52.800 --> 08:54.920 we cannot continue to work on these results. 08:55.720 --> 09:03.480 And this is a situation where open source is on the big billboards of 09:03.480 --> 09:07.420 research, but maybe it is not lived like that. 09:07.800 --> 09:08.940 How do you assess that? 09:09.680 --> 09:12.320 Yes, so you are talking about an important topic, namely the topic of 09:12.320 --> 09:16.240 digitalization and software, which is currently already a very, very 09:16.240 --> 09:19.420 large, if not the largest part of the value creation in the automotive 09:19.420 --> 09:19.940 industry. 09:20.740 --> 09:22.920 And that will be even more in the future. 09:22.920 --> 09:26.340 Now, of course, it is contradictory when you open the newspaper and 09:26.340 --> 09:31.840 read, for example, that Bosch is building software teams nearby. 09:32.560 --> 09:34.040 That also surprises me. 09:34.380 --> 09:37.000 And to be honest, I can't explain that because it's an entrepreneurial 09:37.000 --> 09:37.780 decision. 09:38.480 --> 09:42.140 Because even if we don't need these people at the moment, because 09:42.140 --> 09:48.000 maybe the projects don't come fast enough, or because we may not have 09:48.000 --> 09:52.040 the right software skills, I believe that we need this software 09:52.040 --> 09:56.700 competence in the German economy more than little. 09:56.860 --> 09:58.700 Now you have addressed the topic of open source. 09:59.640 --> 10:02.820 And that's exactly the topic we like to argue about. 10:03.020 --> 10:06.120 And this arguing with each other is also part of the scientific 10:06.120 --> 10:07.040 discourse. 10:07.440 --> 10:10.220 I believe that open source development can also help us to make up for 10:10.220 --> 10:13.560 lost ground against China and the USA. 10:14.400 --> 10:19.280 Because open source development, source-open software, enables us to 10:19.280 --> 10:22.380 work together on functions, which might otherwise be a bit difficult 10:22.380 --> 10:23.740 for cartel-right reasons. 10:25.760 --> 10:29.440 And I have perceived it more like this, that people in Baden 10:29.440 --> 10:32.500 -Württemberg are extremely open when it comes to open source 10:32.500 --> 10:33.180 development. 10:34.040 --> 10:38.160 And I am very happy about the open source initiative of the state, 10:39.300 --> 10:44.600 where we also try to include small and medium-sized companies in the 10:44.600 --> 10:47.060 topic of software competence, in the topic of open source. 10:47.520 --> 10:50.800 And of course, we also contribute to this in the center, so that it 10:50.800 --> 10:51.560 can move forward. 10:52.340 --> 10:54.180 And you are now addressing the center again. 10:54.580 --> 10:57.880 And you may have heard from our dialogue that we were a bit fixed on 10:57.880 --> 10:58.380 automobiles. 11:00.140 --> 11:03.660 But of course, this is also due to the fact that we have the 11:03.660 --> 11:06.240 automobile companies more or less at home in southwestern Germany. 11:06.240 --> 11:10.620 This concerns us very much, also socially, in terms of the working 11:10.620 --> 11:10.920 world. 11:11.900 --> 11:14.920 But the center has a much broader spectrum. 11:15.140 --> 11:18.900 And you will now experience this broad spectrum in the announced 11:18.900 --> 11:19.660 lectures. 11:20.240 --> 11:24.520 We would like to thank you both very much for your attention and now 11:24.520 --> 11:26.840 wish you a lot of fun with the following lectures. 11:27.080 --> 11:27.300 Thank you.